2018/10/31 廣論每日一句

第二能依學者。
《四百論》曰：「說正住具慧，希求為聞器，不變說者德，亦不轉聽者。」
The defining characteristics of the student who relies upon the teacher. Aryadeva states in his 《Four Hundred Stanzas》: It is said that one who is nonpartisan, intelligent, and diligent is a vessel for listening to the teachings. The good qualities of the instructor do not appear otherwise nor do those of fellow listeners.
親近知識之理的第二項──能依學者之相
聖天菩薩所造的《四百論》說，修行者要具備正住、具慧與希求等德相，才堪稱為法器。具備了這三種德相，不論對說法法師，或者對其他同修，都只看他們的功德，不看過失。
（正住、具慧與希求等在稍後的本文會分別闡釋，所以這裡不另作解釋）

• 能依 who relies upon the teacher
• 學者 the student

整句講的應該是「能依學者之相」，所以英譯的版本有加上the defining characteristics

• 《四百論》《Four Hundred Stanzas》作者Aryadeva通常翻譯成「聖天菩薩」
• 說 It is said that
• 正住 nonpartisan 不墮入黨類，因此也不會用自己的主觀意見去評判別人
• 具慧 intelligent 具有智慧、理解力（四家合註引巴梭法王的註釋，這裡的具慧是「具辨善說惡說之智慧」，也就是具足分辨嘉言、惡論的智慧）
• 希求 diligent 字面上是「勤勞」，意思就是對學法的事情精勤，背後的動機就是有希求心
• 為聞器 is a vessel for listening to the teachings
• 不變 do not appear otherwise不會變成另一種樣子，意思就是不會被錯誤觀察錯誤解讀，主詞是The good qualities of the instructor，意思就是不會把說法者的功德觀為過失
• 說者德 The good qualities of the instructor
• 亦不轉 nor do 這裡的do就是代替上面的appear otherwise，前一句的主詞時the good qualities也就是「德」，因此這句的主詞就加上了those
• 聽者 fellow listeners一起聽法的人。結合前兩句，意思就是不會因為自己聽者的習性，把說法者的功德觀為過失，也不會把一起學法同行的功德的觀為過失

2018/10/30 廣論每日一句

鐸巴所集博朵瓦語錄中，述大依怙說尊重相，亦復同此。故於所說完具圓滿諸德相中，隨其所應配其難易，具八分者，為下邊際。
It is explained in Döl-wa's arrangement of Bo-do-wa's Method of Explaining that the great Elder [Atisha] said, "It is also the same with respect to the guru." Therefore, accept as the defining characteristics of a guru a minimum of one eighth of all the defining characteristics set forth here, combining those that are easy to acquire with those that are difficult to acquire.
鐸巴所彙編的《博朵瓦語錄》中敘述阿底峽尊者所宣說的上師應具備之德相，也與這個（說法）相同。所以在提到的圓滿德相當中。根據他所相應的，搭配難易程度，具備八分之一，為最低限度。

• 博朵瓦語錄Bo-do-wa's Method of Explaining
• 大依怙the great Elder [Atisha] 就是阿底峽尊者
• 亦復同此It is also the same 同樣也是如此
• 圓滿諸德相 the defining characteristics of a guru 圓滿具足各種可以界定出一個善知識的條件
• 隨其所應 accept as 被他接納的，也就是相應的項目
• 配其難易 combining those that are easy to acquire with those that are difficult to acquire 一部份的德相比較容易達到，一部份比較困難，各取一部份（但是哪些德相是容易或困難，祖師們則沒有傳承）
• 具八分者 one eighth of all the defining characteristics set forth here 具有那些條件的八分之一，也就是至少有兩個
• 為下邊際 a minimum of 最低限度

2018/10/29 廣論每日一句

諸能完具如是德，於諍世中極稀故，半德，四分或八分，應依如是咒師伴。」此中所說圓滿伴相，八分之一為下邊際。
Since those who have all such good qualities are very rare in this age of strife, Mantra practitioners should rely on an assistant who has one half, one quarter, or an eighth of these qualities. Thus it says that assistants should have these defining characteristics in their entirety, or at least one eighth of these.
在紛擾不安的末法時代，圓滿具備十六種德相，極為稀有，因此，如果有具備一半、四分之一或八分之一的人，也是應該依止的修行助伴。而《妙臂請問經》所宣說的圓滿助伴十六種德相的八分之一，是修行助伴應具備的最低限度。

• 完具如是德 have all such good qualities 完整地具備這些德相
• 於諍世中 in this age of strife 在末法時代
• 極稀故 very rare 非常希有難得
• 半德 one half…of these qualities 具有上述條件的一半
• 四分 one quarter…of these qualities 具有上述條件的四分之一
• 八分 an eighth of these qualities 具有上述條件的八分之一
• 應依 should rely on 應該要依止這樣的助伴
• 咒師伴 an assistant 一個這樣的學習助伴
• 英文版中有提到Mantra practitioners，表明這些是大乘行者要去追求的
• 圓滿伴相defining characteristics in their entirety 學習助伴的圓滿行相
• 八分之一為下邊際at least one eighth of (defining characteristics) 最少要具備有八分之一，也就是其中兩項

2018/10/28 廣論每日一句

若有具慧形貌正，潔淨姓尊趣注法，大辯勇悍根調伏，和言能施有悲愍，堪忍餓渴及苦惱，不供婆羅門餘天，精悍工巧知報恩，敬信三寶是良伴。
These assistants should have intelligence, a good appearance, great purity, be of reputable lineage, and inclined toward the teachings. They should have great confidence, perseverance, and have disciplined the senses. They should speak pleasantly, be generous and compassionate, forbear hunger, thirst, and the afflictions, and not worship other deities and brahmins. They should be focused, adept, grateful, and have faith in the three jewels.
如果有一位具有智慧、形貌端正、戒律清淨、種性尊貴、一心向佛、辯才無礙、勇猛精進、六根調伏、語言悅耳、富布施心、慈悲為懷、能夠安忍於飢餓、口渴和種種苦惱。不供養婆羅門等外道、精進行持善法、知恩報恩、恭敬信仰三寶的人，就是修行的好助伴。

• 具慧 have intelligence有智慧
• 形貌正 (have ) a good appearance形貌端正
• 潔淨 (have ) great purity戒律清淨
• 姓尊 of reputable lineage種性尊貴
• 趣注法 (be) inclined toward the teachings一心向佛（四家合註裡面巴梭法王多寫了「以後世為主故」也就是說，會專心投入正法是因為希求後世，而不是為了現世安樂）
• 大辯 have great confidence辯才無礙，英文版的強調「有信心」
• 勇悍 perseverance勇猛精進
• 根調伏 have disciplined the senses六根調伏，能夠控制自己的感官，就不受影響
• 和言 speak pleasantly語言悅耳
• 能施 be generous富布施心
• 有悲愍 (be) compassionate慈悲為懷
• 堪忍餓渴及苦惱 forbear hunger, thirst, and the afflictions能夠安忍於飢餓口渴和種種苦惱
• 不供婆羅門餘天 not worship other deities and brahmins不供養婆羅門等外道
• 精悍工巧 focused, adept精進行持善法、熟練專精（四家合註裡面巴梭法王有寫「專精」這個註解，英文版也有講focused）
• 知報恩 grateful知恩報恩
• 敬信三寶 have faith in the three jewels恭敬信仰三寶