2018年11月4日 星期日

2018/11/4 廣論每日一句



是故縱得完具一切德相知識,然於其師亦難了知。若知彼已能親近者,必須自具是諸德相。
Therefore, although you might find a teacher who has all the defining characteristics, it may be difficult to recognize their presence. Thus, it is necessary for the disciple to have these three characteristics in their entirety in order to recognize that the teacher has all the defining characteristics and in order then to rely on that teacher.
因此,縱然訪得了齊備一切條件的善知識,也難以認出他具足圓滿條件。要能認出這樣的師長而依止,就必須自己齊備這些條件。


  • 是故 Therefore 因此
  • although 即便是
  • you might find 你找到了你找到了(這樣的老師)
  • 完具一切德相 has all the defining characteristics (這位老師)具備一切成為善知識的條件
  • 亦難了知 difficult to recognize their presence也很難認清他們的存在,也很難認得他們
  • the teacher這位老師
  • 已能親近 to rely on that teacher為了依止這位老師
  • (說明:中文版「若知彼已,能親近者」的寫法是「如果你想認得哪位老師是可以去親近依止的」,也就是認得的對象是「老師」,英文版的表達方式則是「為了要依止老師,因此要認得這位老師具足所有德相這件事」,英文版沒有說「能夠」,而是說認清「一件事」。四家合註的解釋是「要能認出這樣的老師而依止」,跟英文版較接近,但也是說「認得人」)
  • 四家合註補充,法尊法師翻譯的版本「若知彼已,能親近者」,在果芒本原作是「若知是彼,能親近者」,意思是「如果能認得這位老師,他這個能夠被依止的人」,語法跟英文關係代名詞非限定用法比較像,後半句是前半句「彼」的說明
  • 必須 it is necessary
  • 自具是諸德相 the disciple to have these three characteristics in their entirety 當弟子的人自己得要完全具備這三個條件

2018年11月3日 星期六

2018/11/3 廣論每日一句

若不完具如是器相,說法知識雖極遍淨,然由聞者過增上故,執為有過。於說者過,反執為德。
It is stated in Candrakirti's commentary that if you, the listener, do not have all these defining characteristics of a suitable recipient of the teachings, then the influence of your own faults will cause even an extremely pure teacher who instructs you in the teachings to appear to have faults. Furthermore, you will consider the faults of the one who explains the teachings to be good qualities.
月稱論師補充說明,如果不具備這三要件,就算說法法師非常圓滿清淨,但是受到聞法者自身過失強烈影響,法師的功德都被看成過失,而過失反而看成功德。


  • It is stated in Candrakirti's commentary that 在月稱論濕的註釋中講到,這裡講的也就是前面的《釋論》
  • 若不完具如是器相 if you, the listener, do not have all these defining characteristics of a suitable recipient of the teachings 若就是if也就是「假如」,主詞是you或者聽者,然後「器相」翻譯成「適合領受教導的對象」,英文版這裡不再用容器vessel這個字了,而是直接用領受者recipient,「相」還是用defining characteristics
  • 說法知識雖極遍淨 an extremely pure teacher who instructs you in the teachings 中文版把說法知識teacher who instructs you極遍淨extremely pure寫成一個句子,英文版把這個當成下句「由聞者過增上故」所導致cause的受詞,所以寫成一個片語,中文是「雖然這個說法師極為清淨」,英文是「一位極為清淨的說法師」
  • 然由聞者過增上故 the influence of your own faults will cause (…to…) 英文版的表達方式是「你自己的過失帶來的影響,會導致」,而cause的受詞就是前面的「說法知識」,後面的動詞
  • 執為有過 appear to have faults 中文版的主詞是聽者,他對說法知識執為有過,英文版是聽法者的過失「導致說法者顯得有過失」,所以用appear
  • 於說者過,反執為德 you will consider the faults of the one who explains the teachings to be good qualities 說者the one who explains the teachings亦即解說佛陀教法的老師,對他的過失faults反而當成consider功德good qualities

2018年11月2日 星期五

2018/11/2 廣論每日一句



猶非止此,即於聽眾所有功德,亦即於彼補特伽羅,見為功德非為見過失。
In addition, he says that to such a fully qualified person the good qualities of fellow listeners will also appear as good qualities and not as faults.
甚至還不只這樣,就連所有聽聞的眾生之所有功德,也就是對其他人,(也)只見功德,而不見過失。

  • 猶非止此 In addition 除此以外
  • 聽眾所有功德 good qualities of fellow listeners 對同行的功德
  • 亦即於彼補特伽羅 也就是對其他人
  • 見為功德非為見過失。 appear as good qualities and not as faults 在這位具相弟子眼中,其他聽者的功德看起來都會是功德,而不是過失。(跟前文相同,英文版這邊先講到a fully qualified person,相當於上一句的one who is endowed with the three qualities,也就是具相弟子。後來的論述都是「對他而言」,然後句子的主詞都是那些good qualities,因此動詞才會是appear。而法尊法師翻譯的版本,顯然動詞還是那為具相弟子,才會有所謂的「見」,在此提出)

2018年11月1日 星期四

2018/11/1 廣論每日一句



2018/11/1 廣論每日一句
《釋論》解云:「說具三法堪為聞器。若具其三,則於法師所有眾德,見為功德不見過失。
Aryadeva says that one who is endowed with the three qualities is suitable to listen to the teachings. He also says that if you have all these qualities, the good qualities of one who instructs you in the teachings will appear as good qualities, not as faults.
宗大師另外引用月稱論師的《四百論釋》作為前面《四百論》頌詞之開示。《四百論釋》說,根據《四百論》所說,要具備三項條件(正住、具慧、希求)才堪為聞器,也就是才能作為佛弟子。具備了這三要件,那麼對說法法師的所有功德,都只會見到功德,而不見過失。

  • 聖天菩薩說(註釋:前面引述的是聖天菩薩寫的《中觀四百論》或《四百論頌》,這裡講的《釋論》是月稱論師所造之《中觀四百論釋》或《菩薩瑜珈行四百論廣釋》,基本上引述的還是聖天菩薩的講法)
  • 具三法 endowed with the three qualities 具備上述三種條件
  • 堪為 is suitable to 適合成為
  • 為聞器 listen to the teachings 聽聞正法的容器
  • 具其三 have all these qualities 具備這三個條件
  • 法師所有眾德 the good qualities of one who instructs you 對說法者的各種功德
  • 見為功德 appear as good qualities 中文版的主詞是「聽法者」,英文版用「功德」來當主詞,因此動詞用appear,意即「顯得」,換言之整句的意思是「說法者的功德就顯得像是功德」
  • 不見過失 not as faults 不會顯得是過失(這裡的as跟前文對應,一起皆在appear之後)